{"id":2129,"date":"2019-05-17T09:23:26","date_gmt":"2019-05-17T13:23:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fvdrc.com\/solutions\/dumping\/"},"modified":"2020-06-18T14:57:17","modified_gmt":"2020-06-18T18:57:17","slug":"dumping","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fvdrc.com\/fr\/solutions\/dumping\/","title":{"rendered":"Le dumping"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019expression dumping<\/em> a fait l\u2019objet de beaucoup d\u2019attention dans les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias commerciaux r\u00e9cemment mais qu\u2019est-ce que le dumping exactement? En termes de commerce international, le dictionnaire Larousse d\u00e9finit le dumping comme une pratique commerciale qui consiste \u00e0 vendre une marchandise en grande quantit\u00e9 \u00e0 un prix inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui pratiqu\u00e9 sur le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur, parfois m\u00eame en-dessous du prix de revient. Dans cet article, nous creuserons davantage ce concept de dumping sans toutefois donner dans les diff\u00e9rentes formes de dumping comme le dumping de prix ou de co\u00fbt.<\/p>\n

Le dumping comprend deux aspects. Le premier consiste au fait qu\u2019un exportateur ou un groupe d\u2019exportateurs travaillant ensemble, vend un produit \u00e0 un importateur \u00e0 un prix inf\u00e9rieur au prix de vente que peut obtenir l\u2019exportateur dans son march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur ou \u00e0 un co\u00fbt moindre que ce qu\u2019il en co\u00fbte pour le produire. Le deuxi\u00e8me aspect porte sur la quantit\u00e9 de biens vendue. Le dumping implique la vente r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e d\u2019une grande quantit\u00e9 de biens. Ces deux facteurs pris ensemble peuvent \u00e9ventuellement permettre \u00e0 l\u2019exportateur de contr\u00f4ler une part ou un segment du march\u00e9 \u00e9tranger. Le dumping est une forme de discrimination bas\u00e9e sur le prix. La discrimination bas\u00e9e sur le prix peut prendre plusieurs formes mais toutes ces formes impliquent la vente \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents prix d\u2019un m\u00eame produit \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents groupes de consommateurs. En commerce international, le dumping a pour effet de favoriser les consommateurs du pays importateur qui deviennent capables d\u2019acheter une denr\u00e9e \u00e0 un prix inf\u00e9rieur au prix du march\u00e9. Ce prix r\u00e9duit fait en sorte que l\u2019importateur continue d\u2019acheter exclusivement le produit de cet exportateur, ce qui lui permet de maintenir son emprise sur ses clients et son avantage concurrentiel.<\/p>\n

Cela peut sembler int\u00e9ressant pour le consommateur en bout de ligne mais il y a n\u00e9anmoins deux inconv\u00e9nients majeurs avec le dumping. D\u2019abord, le dumping ne laisse que tr\u00e8s peu de place \u00e0 la concurrence des autres exportateurs internationaux et des entreprises int\u00e9rieures. Ensuite, une fois que l\u2019exportateur a obtenu une bonne emprise sur ce march\u00e9 \u00e9tranger et que les autres entreprises ne sont pas en mesure de le concurrencer ni de le menacer, l\u2019exportateur peut alors contr\u00f4ler l\u2019approvisionnement, la qualit\u00e9 et le prix de cette denr\u00e9e, exer\u00e7ant ainsi un monopole sur le march\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Avec autant d\u2019attention n\u00e9gative et une aussi mauvaise presse, on pourrait penser que la pratique du dumping soit formellement interdite. Or l\u2019Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), la seule organisation ayant autorit\u00e9 pour \u00e9tablir les r\u00e8gles commerciales entre les pays, n\u2019interdit pas le dumping et n\u2019agit pas \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des exportateurs qui en sont accus\u00e9s. L\u2019OMC surveille toutefois et r\u00e9git les mesures que peut ou ne peut pas prendre un pays lorsqu\u2019il croit \u00eatre victime de dumping. \u00c0 moins que le pays ne puisse prouver que l\u2019exportateur fait du dumping et que cela cause un tort \u00e0 ses entreprises int\u00e9rieures, il n\u2019a bien souvent aucun recours contre le dumping.<\/p>\n

Il en r\u00e9sulte que la plupart du temps, les pays ne sont gu\u00e8re entich\u00e9s du dumping et visent \u00e0 le pr\u00e9venir plut\u00f4t qu\u2019\u00e0 le combattre. Habituellement, lorsqu\u2019un pays conclut un accord de libre-\u00e9change avec d\u2019autres pays, il y fait inclure des dispositions entourant le dumping et l\u2019imposition de tarifs et de quotas aux exportateurs pour le pr\u00e9venir de fa\u00e7on proactive. Cette approche proactive s\u2019est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e plus efficace que de tenter de combattre le dumping parce qu\u2019\u00e9tablir la preuve qu\u2019il y a bel et bien eu du dumping est une activit\u00e9 extr\u00eamement on\u00e9reuse en temps et en argent.<\/p>\n

Alors pourquoi un pays exportateur exposerait-il ainsi son industrie \u00e0 des r\u00e9actions ind\u00e9sirables et \u00e0 des p\u00e9nalit\u00e9s financi\u00e8res si le dumping est prouv\u00e9? \u00c0 court terme, le dumping peut avoir des effets b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques pour le pays exportateur en termes de cr\u00e9ation et de maintien d\u2019emplois. Alors que l\u2019exportateur continue d\u2019accro\u00eetre sa part de march\u00e9 dans le pays importateur, ses gens peuvent conserver leurs emplois et de nouveaux emplois peuvent \u00eatre cr\u00e9\u00e9s puisque les parts du march\u00e9 ext\u00e9rieur de l\u2019exportateur augmentent. De l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, il arrive \u00e9galement que dans le pays importateur le dumping puisse promouvoir une certaine innovation dans les secteurs touch\u00e9s et chez les autres concurrents internationaux qui leur permettra de redevenir pertinents et concurrentiels. Les entreprises int\u00e9rieures auront en effet besoin de faire preuve de cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et de trouver de nouveaux moyens pour conserver ou r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer leurs parts de march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur et cro\u00eetre \u00e0 l\u2019international.<\/p>\n

En conclusion, il convient d\u2019affirmer que le dumping est d\u2019une grande complexit\u00e9 avec les nombreux facteurs qui entrent en ligne de compte et il y a autant d\u2019arguments qui plaident en sa faveur qu\u2019il y en a qui s\u2019y oppose, selon la position que vous adopterez et le r\u00f4le que vous jouez. Il offre des avantages certains \u00e0 l\u2019exportateur mais aussi \u00e0 l\u2019importateur, au gouvernement et m\u00eame au consommateur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019expression dumping a fait l\u2019objet de beaucoup d\u2019attention dans les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias commerciaux r\u00e9cemment mais qu\u2019est-ce que le dumping exactement? En termes de commerce international, le dictionnaire Larousse d\u00e9finit le dumping comme une pratique commerciale qui consiste \u00e0 vendre une marchandise en grande quantit\u00e9 \u00e0 un prix inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui pratiqu\u00e9 sur le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[1,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"\nLe dumping - Fruit and Vegetable Dispute Resolution Corporation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fvdrc.com\/fr\/solutions\/dumping\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le dumping - Fruit and Vegetable Dispute Resolution Corporation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019expression dumping a fait l\u2019objet de beaucoup d\u2019attention dans les diff\u00e9rents m\u00e9dias commerciaux r\u00e9cemment mais qu\u2019est-ce que le dumping exactement? 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